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Automated Capture of AC/RC Chip Mineralogy

Leveraging Automated Micro XRF Technology for Rapid Mineralogical Analysis in Mineral Exploration and Mining

By Dr Nigel Brand, James Waldron and Lauri Virnes. 

Automated micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro XRF) technology emerges as a powerful tool to rapidly and accurately capture the mineralogy of rock chip, RC and AC samples. It provides mining professionals with the rapid, accurate, and actionable mineralogical data needed to make strategic decisions and providing significant advantages for exploration and mining companies.

Micro XRF is an advanced analytical technique that uses focused X-ray beams to excite atoms in a sample. This causes them to emit characteristic secondary (or fluorescent) X-rays. This fluorescence is characteristic of the elemental composition of the minerals, allowing for precise identification and quantification.  The automation aspect involves sophisticated software and robotics that enable high-throughput analysis, minimal human intervention, and real-time data processing.

Robotic arm preparing samples for micro XRF analysis
Automated micro XRF robot preparing samples for analysis.

Advantages of Automated Mineralogy for AC RC Chips

Speed & Efficiency: Comprehensive mineral data in days not weeks.

Accurate & Detailed: Quantitative data on mineral content of sample.

Versatile & Applicable: Evaluated across multiple geological settings

Non-Destructive: Valuable samples remain intact for further testing

Cost-Effective: Automation enables us to pass on cost savings

Why Mining and Exploration Companies Will Benefit from Automated Micro XRF Technology

  1. Enhanced Ore Body Knowledge:

Comprehensive Data: Insights into mineralogical variations and ore body characteristics.

Better Decision-Making: Identify and target high-value mineral zones more effectively.

 

  1. Increased Operational Efficiency:

Streamlined Workflow: Automation reduces the time between sample collection and data acquisition.

Optimization of Mining Operations: Real-time mineralogical data, enhancing recovery and reducing waste.

 

  1. Competitive Advantage:

Innovative Edge: Early adopters leveraging cutting-edge tools to stay ahead of competitors.

Single Chip Representation

The purpose of the technique is to get a general sense of the RC sample mineralogy; the representativeness of the sample is crucial for obtaining accurate and meaningful results. Routine chips collected at rig in chip trays are ideal for analysis.

A single, well-chosen chip will suffice, depending on:

  • Chip Size: The size of the chip should be large enough to encompass the various minerals and textures present in the rock.

 

  • Homogeneity: A single chip is sufficient to represent the sample due to its uniform composition and structure, so the mineral distribution in one chip will representative of the entire sample.

 

  • Heterogeneity: For sample with significant heterogeneity multiple chips will be required to adequately represent the entire rock to capture the full range of mineralogy.

 

  • Spatial Resolution: Micro-XRF provides high spatial resolution, enabling the differentiate between the minerals within a single chip.

 

  • Mapping Capability: mapping the RC chip enables the creation of a mineral map and the understanding of the heterogeneity within a single chip.

Example 1: Archean Mafic Gold System

Analysis begins with AC RC chips that are selected to characterize the mineralogy that best represents the individual meter (image 1). The automated micro-XRF then processes and scans the samples, resulting in an elemental and mineral map being created. Image 2 shows the mineral map from automated micro XRF analysis. 

Image 1: Scanned RC Chips (on pseudo BCF).
Image 2: Automated capture of RC chip mineralogy

The mineral map becomes a valuable tool for insights into the mineralogy of the RC chips selected. As seen in image 3, geological settings, host rocks and alterations can be determined. This can then be interrogated a step further to show alteration and mineralization of the individual RC chips with the accompanying data (image 4, 5). 

Image 4: Geological insight – alteration and mineralization.

It is with this critical information that overall RC chip mineralogy can be reliably updated (image 6). Mineral maps and accompanying data can be used to create even more detailed mineralogy. This is extremely useful in seeing an overview of the hole overall, but also in the details often missed by similar techniques. Images 7-9 show a highlighted selection of detailed mineralogy found in this mineral map scan from the automated micro XRF.

Image 3: Geological insight – two distinct auriferous zones
Image 5: Geological insight – alteration and mineralization.
Image 6: Updated geology based on chip mineralogy.
Image 7: RC Chip Detailed Mineralogy: Anorthoclase, Quartz, Plagioclase
Image 8: RC Chip Detailed Mineralogy: Biotite.
Image 9: RC Chip Detailed Mineralogy: Calcite.

Example 2: LCT Pegmatite System

Analysis begins again with the RC chips being selected to characterize the mineralogy that best represents the individual meter. The automated micro-XRF then processes and scans the samples, resulting in an elemental and mineral map being created. Image 10 shows the mineral map from automated micro XRF analysis.  The detail that is captured via the micro-XRF scan results means that grain details can be studied on individual chips. As image 11 shows, this can make all the difference when observing the mineralogy across the samples selected. Accompanying mineral data (image 12) can show the amount of mineral in each RC sample.

Image 10: Mineral map of RC Chips.
Image 10: Grain Details
Image 12: Mineral data from mineral map.

Conclusion

Automated micro XRF technology represents a significant advancement in the field of mineralogical analysis, offering rapid, accurate, and cost-effective solutions for exploration and mining companies.

 

By adopting this technology, companies can gain deeper insights into ore body composition, streamline their operations, and maintain a competitive edge in the market. Embracing automated micro XRF technology is not just a step forward in analytical capabilities but a strategic move towards total OBK and more efficient and profitable mining ventures.

Person walking across micro XRF laboratory. There is a robot arm preparing samples.

Want to see the automated micro-XRF laboratory for yourself? Book a demo today!

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